For Maximiliano Moreno
In the previous issue of territorial losses, we talked about how power struggles between Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, was one of the key elements that Ecuador emerged as a weak state. To this must be added regionalism.
Regionalism was above all a power struggle between the Sierra and the Costa, complicated in the past quarter century with Amazon regionalism. In addition
regionalism has been the provincial caciques, and even cantonal and parish, which has turned the country into personal plots, ethnic, territorial, moral and religious.
regionalism has its origins in the remarkable differences that success among the inhabitants of the natural regions, as in the Andes developed sedentary cultures, which had permanent villages, crops, land routes, which allowed a stable way of life the inhabitants of the valleys and mountains. They were also lands conquered by the Incas, who brought the Quechua culture was predominant.
Along the coast, semi-nomadic cultures developed within and more stable, but sailors or operators in the coastal mangroves.
cultures or call semi-nomadic cultures of cocoa and cassava, had a link with the Indians of Central America as the Maya and Quiche, in the northern Andes as the Chibcha and Arawaks and the Caribbean as the Caribbean. In these cultures, the cocoa drink came to be sacred and currency, but hurricanes and storms in Central America, such as drought and inudaciones produced by the marine currents of Humboldt, the Boys and Girls here, leaving devastation that forced move from side to side.
On the coast, Ecuador became the shipping center of a culture, it is believed that even that was influenced by Pacific and Japan. This culture shipping company, he developed a currency called espondilus, a shell that responds to the presence of the child's current and growing even in the depths near the coast. This culture influenced sailors from Mexico to Chile, and are among the calls of corn and cotton in the Valdivia culture cultivated 7000 years ago.
The coastal cultures living in a constant war since each spoke different languages, and had hunting and fishing territories with natural disasters in conflict with its neighbors.
On arrival of the English, Spain's power is concentrated mainly in the Sierra, while the coastal areas were territories outside the law, and even with its own laws chiefs and native leader, until the fifties of the century XX. This live outside the law arose from the need to replace the numerous deaths that occurred in tropical areas and epidemics that led to the near extinction of indigenous. So women took coastal extramarital pregnancy and safe fertilization, which ere a tradition as Manteños tribes, who organized festive orgies full moon to ensure fertility of all women as possible.
As a result, the Sierra ecclesiastical marriage was obligatory for all, in the Costa happened to be a peculiarity of the whites and the rich to ensure inheritance.
coastal language, characterized by its savings in pronunciation and speed, in contrast to the Andean language, where the ll rr and s are overly pronounced, while on the coast these consonants and sounds, or confused.
The way to walk upright on the coast, as opposed to the curved form of walking in the Sierra, the music upbeat music as dominant, while in Sierra sad and melancholic music was common, and a diet based on cassava, fish, beans, fruit, in contrast to food-based mountain cuy, potatoes, cereals, legumes and vegetables.
The differences were politically exploited by the English to keep the oppressed in their kingdoms in constant infighting, beneath the Roman principle fundamental to tyrannical government of "divide and conquer."
to divide the Indians of the Andes, were given to each ethnic group a suit, which was designed by the king of Spain, so it was very clear for a differentiated otavalo a canary. On the coast it was not possible, only externally visible difference was the presence of blacks. The rest had no particular dress, dressing everyone as mestizos, except for the Tzachilas who kept his clothes and began to paint the hair in the early twentieth century, finding that Aedes mosquitoes are not transmitting the Egypty yellow fever, which gave off the smell of dye called annatto (bixin).
nationalities who took refuge in the most remote jungles of Esmeraldas, as Chachi, had the particular thing that their wives did not cover their breasts and men wore skirts, even contact with the mestizos in the second half twentieth century.
both the coast and in the Sierra were developed large estates, with the difference that mountain farms were producing products for domestic consumption, while the coastal haciendas began as the Americans for the export of snuff and alcohol. Since then the main source of income of the coastal farmer was wood and the places that still have the opportunity to knock down trees, still do. The Sierra
not lived different periods to the Coast. In the Andes the colony that lasted from 1534 to 1822 then came the Catholic conservative republic, which lasts until now but had an earthquake with the Liberal Revolution of Eloy Alfaro, the Agrarian Reform of the 60s and 70s or the current period and the time oil flowers and greenhouse crops from the 80's.
the coast lived in the colony with the Guayaquil port activity. This activity began with the production of ships, so it became the largest shipyard in the Pacific coast, then came the time to snuff, but the landlord power began with the husk, which was a joint venture with the Highlanders , then the cocoa and so-called "big Cacao" gained control of the country by bankers, to the year 2000 with an earthquake, but of recovering.
La Costa has had clear periods of life, because farmers have been producing export products that have marked their lives and define it in their language telling time periods of cocoa, the ivory and rubber, the bananas, shrimp and palm oil. The time cocoa was a period that began in the late colonial and lasted until the 1929 crisis in the United States, where the market crash was followed by the abandonment of plantations and pests. The period of the rubber and tagua had to do with the period before the Second World War and the invention of synthetic rubber Banana period is a period that is divided into two: when did the United and Standard Fruit from 1948 to 1958 and the period of the queen Noboa banana family, which continues today. In the 70 oil was the time on the coast gave way to logging and cattle raising, until after the El Niño phenomenon in l982, it was discovered how to raise shrimp, it almost kills the mangroves and marine beaches, but fortunately got the white spot, a viral disease of shrimp in the late 90's, but this industry has been recovering gradually levels. In recent years, spread like a plague of oil palm plantations, teak (wood) and eucalyptus forest, causing ecological damage and the expulsion of peasants to the cities. In the coastal area is also developing industrial fishing, which has complicated the lives of fishermen, who resort to smuggling, human trafficking, and drug trafficking as alternative resources. Sea tourism started from the 80's and is much stronger growth in other parts of the country.
Each period was followed by migration sparked a population concentrated in cities and towns, leaving vast areas for export plantations and production of rice, soybeans, hard corn for domestic consumption.
While the agrarian reform had an impact in the Sierra, parceling the farms, and the Amazon, forced migration of settlers who entered indigenous territories, along with the oil companies and tourism, to appropriate pieces of jungle and turn them into pastures and only now in growing areas, this led to an indigenous reaction, characterized by their warrior spirit, which was the key to the organization CONAIE have much greater impact in their demonstrations.
La Sierra, and Amazonia with their religion and the great influence of the clergy, professionals and bureaucrats, strengthened by oil, has had a long power struggle with the merchants, bankers, landowners and agricultural exporters coast, reaching the point where the Costa puts the president and the Sierra is lowered.
From the 50's thanks to the revolution in medicine, roads, transport, coastal population growth has been explosive, becoming the voting power. The Sierra does however influence due to the high educational levels to have their middle and upper class.
But within Ecuadorian culture is no doubt that the natural attraction because of their greater sexual vitality they feel the men and women of the Sierra by the Coast, which has always been one of the reasons for migration to these places are antagonistic force in this struggle for power.
In the previous issue of territorial losses, we talked about how power struggles between Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, was one of the key elements that Ecuador emerged as a weak state. To this must be added regionalism.
Regionalism was above all a power struggle between the Sierra and the Costa, complicated in the past quarter century with Amazon regionalism. In addition
regionalism has been the provincial caciques, and even cantonal and parish, which has turned the country into personal plots, ethnic, territorial, moral and religious.
regionalism has its origins in the remarkable differences that success among the inhabitants of the natural regions, as in the Andes developed sedentary cultures, which had permanent villages, crops, land routes, which allowed a stable way of life the inhabitants of the valleys and mountains. They were also lands conquered by the Incas, who brought the Quechua culture was predominant.
Along the coast, semi-nomadic cultures developed within and more stable, but sailors or operators in the coastal mangroves.
cultures or call semi-nomadic cultures of cocoa and cassava, had a link with the Indians of Central America as the Maya and Quiche, in the northern Andes as the Chibcha and Arawaks and the Caribbean as the Caribbean. In these cultures, the cocoa drink came to be sacred and currency, but hurricanes and storms in Central America, such as drought and inudaciones produced by the marine currents of Humboldt, the Boys and Girls here, leaving devastation that forced move from side to side.
On the coast, Ecuador became the shipping center of a culture, it is believed that even that was influenced by Pacific and Japan. This culture shipping company, he developed a currency called espondilus, a shell that responds to the presence of the child's current and growing even in the depths near the coast. This culture influenced sailors from Mexico to Chile, and are among the calls of corn and cotton in the Valdivia culture cultivated 7000 years ago.
The coastal cultures living in a constant war since each spoke different languages, and had hunting and fishing territories with natural disasters in conflict with its neighbors.
On arrival of the English, Spain's power is concentrated mainly in the Sierra, while the coastal areas were territories outside the law, and even with its own laws chiefs and native leader, until the fifties of the century XX. This live outside the law arose from the need to replace the numerous deaths that occurred in tropical areas and epidemics that led to the near extinction of indigenous. So women took coastal extramarital pregnancy and safe fertilization, which ere a tradition as Manteños tribes, who organized festive orgies full moon to ensure fertility of all women as possible.
As a result, the Sierra ecclesiastical marriage was obligatory for all, in the Costa happened to be a peculiarity of the whites and the rich to ensure inheritance.
coastal language, characterized by its savings in pronunciation and speed, in contrast to the Andean language, where the ll rr and s are overly pronounced, while on the coast these consonants and sounds, or confused.
The way to walk upright on the coast, as opposed to the curved form of walking in the Sierra, the music upbeat music as dominant, while in Sierra sad and melancholic music was common, and a diet based on cassava, fish, beans, fruit, in contrast to food-based mountain cuy, potatoes, cereals, legumes and vegetables.
The differences were politically exploited by the English to keep the oppressed in their kingdoms in constant infighting, beneath the Roman principle fundamental to tyrannical government of "divide and conquer."
to divide the Indians of the Andes, were given to each ethnic group a suit, which was designed by the king of Spain, so it was very clear for a differentiated otavalo a canary. On the coast it was not possible, only externally visible difference was the presence of blacks. The rest had no particular dress, dressing everyone as mestizos, except for the Tzachilas who kept his clothes and began to paint the hair in the early twentieth century, finding that Aedes mosquitoes are not transmitting the Egypty yellow fever, which gave off the smell of dye called annatto (bixin).
nationalities who took refuge in the most remote jungles of Esmeraldas, as Chachi, had the particular thing that their wives did not cover their breasts and men wore skirts, even contact with the mestizos in the second half twentieth century.
both the coast and in the Sierra were developed large estates, with the difference that mountain farms were producing products for domestic consumption, while the coastal haciendas began as the Americans for the export of snuff and alcohol. Since then the main source of income of the coastal farmer was wood and the places that still have the opportunity to knock down trees, still do. The Sierra
not lived different periods to the Coast. In the Andes the colony that lasted from 1534 to 1822 then came the Catholic conservative republic, which lasts until now but had an earthquake with the Liberal Revolution of Eloy Alfaro, the Agrarian Reform of the 60s and 70s or the current period and the time oil flowers and greenhouse crops from the 80's.
the coast lived in the colony with the Guayaquil port activity. This activity began with the production of ships, so it became the largest shipyard in the Pacific coast, then came the time to snuff, but the landlord power began with the husk, which was a joint venture with the Highlanders , then the cocoa and so-called "big Cacao" gained control of the country by bankers, to the year 2000 with an earthquake, but of recovering.
La Costa has had clear periods of life, because farmers have been producing export products that have marked their lives and define it in their language telling time periods of cocoa, the ivory and rubber, the bananas, shrimp and palm oil. The time cocoa was a period that began in the late colonial and lasted until the 1929 crisis in the United States, where the market crash was followed by the abandonment of plantations and pests. The period of the rubber and tagua had to do with the period before the Second World War and the invention of synthetic rubber Banana period is a period that is divided into two: when did the United and Standard Fruit from 1948 to 1958 and the period of the queen Noboa banana family, which continues today. In the 70 oil was the time on the coast gave way to logging and cattle raising, until after the El Niño phenomenon in l982, it was discovered how to raise shrimp, it almost kills the mangroves and marine beaches, but fortunately got the white spot, a viral disease of shrimp in the late 90's, but this industry has been recovering gradually levels. In recent years, spread like a plague of oil palm plantations, teak (wood) and eucalyptus forest, causing ecological damage and the expulsion of peasants to the cities. In the coastal area is also developing industrial fishing, which has complicated the lives of fishermen, who resort to smuggling, human trafficking, and drug trafficking as alternative resources. Sea tourism started from the 80's and is much stronger growth in other parts of the country.
Each period was followed by migration sparked a population concentrated in cities and towns, leaving vast areas for export plantations and production of rice, soybeans, hard corn for domestic consumption.
While the agrarian reform had an impact in the Sierra, parceling the farms, and the Amazon, forced migration of settlers who entered indigenous territories, along with the oil companies and tourism, to appropriate pieces of jungle and turn them into pastures and only now in growing areas, this led to an indigenous reaction, characterized by their warrior spirit, which was the key to the organization CONAIE have much greater impact in their demonstrations.
La Sierra, and Amazonia with their religion and the great influence of the clergy, professionals and bureaucrats, strengthened by oil, has had a long power struggle with the merchants, bankers, landowners and agricultural exporters coast, reaching the point where the Costa puts the president and the Sierra is lowered.
From the 50's thanks to the revolution in medicine, roads, transport, coastal population growth has been explosive, becoming the voting power. The Sierra does however influence due to the high educational levels to have their middle and upper class.
But within Ecuadorian culture is no doubt that the natural attraction because of their greater sexual vitality they feel the men and women of the Sierra by the Coast, which has always been one of the reasons for migration to these places are antagonistic force in this struggle for power.
0 comments:
Post a Comment