by Maximiliano Moreno
Since the arrival of the Incas, the territory of the Northern Andes to Huayna Capac, the conquest began, it was a difficult territory of submission, because the inhabitants of these areas available and self-sufficient ecosystem trade relations developed for centuries, which allowed them to prolonged resistance. On the Peruvian side, however, survival depended on the occupation of different climatic zones where there were other tribes, which generated a process of conquest was ultimately beneficial for all Andean nations, as it really was self-sufficient and no trade did not significant levels mainly due to the wild of nature. The subjugation of the northern territories depended exclusively on the Inca military apparatus, the military apparatus took 20 years to consolidate positions in this region extending Grass Knot, north to south Cajamarca. It was a long war for the northern front, while in Cuzco developed palace life, with friendly relations between the nationalities under the new regime.
The arrival of the English was based on a period of coexistence between Cuzco Incas followers of Huascar that allied themselves with the conquerors to defeat that saw usurper Atahualpa and his northern warriors, while in the north the English had defeated RESISTANCE-which after 10 years of struggle and the founding of Guayaquil, this dominance territory would be called Royal Audience of Quito, was based above all on a very powerful church, which occupied the Incas sacred sites in Cuenca and Quito, with temples and where the struggle for power was among Jesuits, Dominicans, with its Holy Inquisition Franciscans and Mercedarios founding of Quito. behind them the Royal Barracks in Lima, and the Grenadiers of the Viceroyalty of New Granada.
Most of the territory of the Royal Court was the territory of Misiones, where the Jesuits were the most skilled in the fearsome insight to areas like the Amazon or coastal forests. After each mission, had been a soldier.
With independence, the Venezuelan Llanos were placed in front of this territory since 1822. These irregular soldiers, characterized by their ability as horsemen and spearmen, changed the way European fighting formations, attack systems such as the Janissaries were the Arab conquest of Spain in the apparent chaos, speed and surprise were the pillars of victories. These soldiers were illiterate, brutal and ambitious, who commanded the first president of the fledgling republic of Ecuador in 1830, Juan José Flores, raided the public coffers, making what was the Royal Court in an area of \u200b\u200babsolute poverty for most part of the rural population and city.
For 100 years the military trained the damn, brutally, in campaigns against the Indians, rebels, and against anyone who was perceived as an enemy of government, established themselves as a dominant class, where officers had to be families ancestry.
But
Emerge about 1890 new soldiers from the plains of the coast, called Montoneros, peasant militias that are accompanied by their families, who make an informal war where the ambush, surprise and daring in many cases staff are victories
The ideal that moves is a utopia called freedom, because they were not really oppressed peasants, small farmers, but were left out of the central government, which controlled the Sierra, Guayaquil and large coastal cities, but beyond. were only the victims of the occasional visit to recruit young soldiers, used as cannon fodder in the political disputes between landlords mountain and coastal traders.
The montoneros achieve what was possible in other South American nations, defeating the power of the clergy, this is the Catholic Church, which was what was behind all governments since independence. His victory gave way to secular education and military academic Eloy Alfaro Military College.
But this triumph lasted a decade after 10 years, the biggest beneficiaries of the Liberal Revolution, were the bankers of Guayaquil that consolidated an alliance with the Church, would handle the power through a military repressor and since 1936 with General Enriquez Gallo with a police apparatus, which for 1944 in the government of Arroyo del Río was intended to make calls caravineros power through a repressive body, such as uniformed fucking hit from Mexico to Argentina until today.
Fortunately the military defeat in the 1941 war, forced to rethink on the armed forces, which were an institution divorced entirely from the people, until the 1968 case the death of Che Guevara in Bolivia and the student protests in France.
States, decides to fight communism for which goes to the wars in Korea and Vietnam. In Latin America, your backyard, harass Cuba, following the failure of Gallegos Arbens and socialism in Guatemala. Cuba becomes the nail in the shoe. Che Guevara, the martyr who symbolizes the soldier morally solvent own ideals, not simply obedient and never deliverante uniform, which since colonial times and independence, was in command of their superior officers with no remorse consciousness.
By then, 1968, a president who won election 5 times and only managed to complete his term of 4 years, described by the bourgeoisie of crazy, Demag, populist, José María Velasco Ibarra, studied in France, took the ideals of the French students protesting against the Western educational model, and demanded free access to universities, the joint co-government, ie students, workers and teachers, have the same reprentación in decisions of universities, academic freedom for teachers to teach what they believe is best and not what the government, church or think dictator is conveninte, and orders the military training , but they will overthrow him, and managed directly by the pentagon, are trained at the School of the Americas, the cradle of American military, dictators and military bloodthirsty in Latin America ..
in Latin America in recent years, dictators and militarism reached its peak. Bloodthirsty soldiers, vain, estúipidos, permeating the governments with which today are ashamed Repíblica national and Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala's repressive beasts, Somoza in Nicaragua, the corrupt Colombian military, the traitors of Venezuela, and the 70's militaristic cruelty of South America reached its most gruesome dictators expression as Estrosner in Paraguay, the Argentine military junta, defeated by the shameful war in the Falklands, and his worst example: Pinochet owner of Chile for two decades.
But a wave of military thinking also emerged from Panama, Peru and Ecuador.
Oil and the questions they received from their adversaries, the university, who were his own children, who were now going to university in the people, not elites, with the exception of Catholic universities, where they were the rich. Careers as medicine, architecture, petroleum, veterinary, agronomy, journalism, careers were unique to public universities, where the rich rubbed shoulders with the poor. Universities Latin America's public spaces became training to the military resistance to American manipulation and disaffection with the masses of peasants, workers, intellectuals, or those groups who ruminated daily power and behavior of the rich this subcontinent.
But after that period, the military decided to make their own schools, colleges, universities, become a caste, elite, not harmful. Oil money helped privileges enjoyed starting in the military casinos and ended at the large military schools in the world. But this contact with military smarter than instuían School of the Americas, changed its outlook on Ecuador, a small country that must face three forces far beyond their power: the Peruvian ejécito huge and highly bellicose since the time of the Incas, the Colombian army, the army with the most long military exercise of a civil war in Western history, confronting it and for almost half a century to the most experienced and effective guerrilla in the world, the guerilla in Colombia and the Colombian guerrillas, with fighters and tactics that can break the Ecuadorian military.
The strategy to curb the Peruvian army who always showed their superiority and whose power it mita stripped of its territory just across the border, was to create elite forces, led by indigenous Amazonian capable of highly efficient irregular warfare, knowledge of terrain, logistics facilities thanks to its small territory, but all high intellectual training of their officers and soldiers, which was the weakest point of the Peruvian army.
Front Colombian army, he took from Ecuador a third of its original territory do, not make war, and the guerrillas, who used to Ecuador as a source of supply and shelter, the most important thing was to win the affection of his people, the guerrillas, paramilitaries and Mafia hitmen and the Colombian army have a weakness in common, they are hated by some of the Colombian population.
To win the people, military conscription have used the land, planting forests, land reform and settlement support to education, health, transport, the small farmers who support extreme rigors of the Amazon, the Andes and the Galapagos. And finally, after the government of Leon Febres Cordero, who used them to crush the rebels de Alfaro Vive Carajo, with its behavior disobedience to rulers unable as Abdullah Bucaram, Jamil Mahuad and even a military, as was the colonel Lucio Gutierrez, laid the foundations of military conduct and self-consciousness approach.
This does not fire on the people is the key variable that differentiates the Army of Ecuador and other Latin American armies has been given the status of political arbiter, together with a Catholic church who are experiencing a sea of \u200b\u200bcontradictions and still being one of the puppeteers of the national reality.
experiencing a domestic drama as a part of the Navy, has been entangled since the time of Febres Cordero in corruption closely related to his inner circle at Club La Union, which is the club of wealthy families from the coast, many of is recipient of the mangroves, protected areas under the care and responsibility of the navy, to shrimp, breaking the law. This club is a must the compliment to the naval officers also were involved in permitting and laziness against illegal fishing by foreign vessels or large domestic fishing companies, who can not fish in areas close to the beach and other abnormalities.
But perhaps the most vulnerable part of militarism Ecuador is the police. Key player and now the repression of an uprising. The police, is one of the least credible institutions in the country, not only by the stars revolt, but as in Mexico, some of its members have been part of gangs, and even territorial disputes what happens with the band in Manabi of Choneros.
police until the arrival of Correa's government was a force to direct orders from the U.S. Embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich gave and took away the computers with which it worked. Under the pretext of combating drug trafficking, a structured police force of privilege under the control of the DEA, which was actually an elite force to stabilize or destabilize governments, as when rulers are insecure, the cops of the country are transferred to Independence Park to guard the Palacio de Carondelet and the pursuit of traffickers, also registers those who oppose the government.
The last statement to the police, revealed the great power of the police, since its absence or in anger with an agent, creates traffic problems, circulation, Supply balance and encourages more serious crime in a country where respect for others is born of awareness and personal conduct, but the presence of police, because our schooling and the media conditions us to think so, except in indigenous communities now reject this and are arranged so as not to submit.
The state police are the most widely used instrument for political and bureaucratic corruption, their positions are rotating and their performance does not meet the needs and demands of the population, but the cravings officials and officers on duty so that the police are still lagging badly remainder of famed Latin American militarism. The day the police to be chosen on merit for every inhabitant of a village or neighborhood the story begins to change.
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